A retired engineer named Richard Santa made the astonishing discovery that a rounded form of the mathematical constant Pi (3.142) is encoded in the first bar of the Enigma Theme by its melodic intervals (3-1-4-2). ‘ Pie Jesu’ is a text from the final couplet of the hymn Dies Irae that is often featured in musical settings of the Requin Mass. This is the Latin word for pious which may be approximated phonetically as Pi by omitting the e. This process consumed 121 days, a period that afforded more than enough time and opportunity for Elgar to indulge his passion for cryptography.Īnother word that may be formed by the initials and Roman numerals in these opening movements is Pie. He completed the preliminary orchestration on February 19, 1899. Elgar began openly composing the Enigma Variations in earnest on October 21, 1898. Such a possibility eluded deluded scholars like Julian Rushton who speculated that Elgar lacked the time to construct any cryptograms. He experimented with five different orderings of the movements, a process that in retrospect was carried out to construct this particular cipher. Elgar deftly frames the question posed by the three asterisks with the answer hidden in plain view. The first initials from the titles of Variations XII (B) and XIV (E, and F) are an acrostic anagram of the initials for the covert Theme ( Ein feste Burg). It was determined these missing letters are cleverly encoded by the first initials of the titles from the adjoining movements. Īn early breakthrough in 2013 unveiled the meaning and significance of the three asterisks in the cryptic title of Variation XIII ( ✡ ✡ ✡). Published under the Anglicanized title The Light of Life, it premiered in 1896 and was extensively revised in 1899 - the same year Elgar completed his Enigma Variations. The Latin word for Christ appears in the title of Elgar’s first sacred oratorio, Lux Christi Op. Remarkably, the spelling of the first word (PIE) is nearly identical to Pi, the mathematical ratio discovered by Santa lurking in bars 1 and 11 of the Enigma Theme.
Between 18, Elgar attended three Roman Catholic schools where he studied both languages. Merging these companion decryptions from bar 1 yields “ Pi GSUS” (Pi Jesus), a close approximation of “ PIE CHRISTI.” It is surely significant that these divergent ciphers generate mutually consistent and corresponding solutions. In that same measure, a musical Polybius cipher encodes “ GSUS”, a phonetic rendering of Jesus. Remarkably, the spelling of the first word (PIE) is nearly identical to Pi, the mathematical ration lurking in the Enigma Theme’s opening bar. The first two words are in Latin, and the third is English. Another superlative example of a proximate title letters anagram found in the opening three titles of the Enigma Variations is “PIE CHRISTI ABIDE” ( Pious Christ Abide).
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